The fact that it was led by Akbar Tandjung, once convicted of corruption though cleared on appeal, was surely a handicap.
Other southerners, notably Spaniards and Portuguese, have both improved, though sleaze and corruption, especially at regional and city levels, is still common.
By now, many Venezuelans are ready to forgive, if not to yearn for, the good old days under Mr Perez, who though suspected of corruption throughout his term, at least managed to make sure the graft was spread a little more evenly.
His third term was overshadowed by municipal corruption scandals, though Mr. Koch wasn't directly implicated.
Daley, Chicago's mayor (who, though respected, failed to stem corruption beneath him), and Todd Stroger, whom Mr Obama endorsed to succeed Mr Stroger's scandal-dogged father as president of Cook County's board.
Though there are continued worries about corruption within the Afghan police force and army, and about infiltration into the security forces by insurgent sympathisers, this time the Afghan forces acquitted themselves well once the fighting started.
His successor, former labor leader Frederick Chiluba, left office voluntarily though under a cloud, accused of corruption and abusing the political process.
Go back a few years, though, and find this roster of federal corruption cases from 2009 to 2011: Sens.
Nor is it easy to persuade cynics that corruption can be reduced, even though Hong Kong and Singapore are living examples.
He may have had a point: Mrs de Melgar, though she was promising better schools, less corruption and a fairer life for women, was miles behind Mr Flores in the opinion polls.
In Poland, a traditionalist and ruralist party, Samoobrona (Selfdefence), came third, nabbing seven seats. (Two other right-wing parties, the crime-bashing Law and Justice and the Catholic-nationalist League of Polish Families, also did well.) Two parties in Austria and the Netherlands, though not strictly Eurosceptic, campaigned successfully against corruption and mismanagement in Brussels.
Though they may also be less likely to claim corruption as a sign of probity.
Last year Mr Romiti was found guilty of false accounting in a corruption case in the Italian courts, though he is appealing against the verdict.
Similarly, even though he personally does not favor jailing Suharto for corruption, Wahid was careful to note that new Attorney General Marzuki Darusman would reopen the investigation into allegations that the ex-dictator enriched himself illegally.
Indian Commonwealth Games officials have said all the venues will be ready by 25 August even though the event has been over-shadowed by a corruption scandal.
Finally, businesses may demonstrate their commitment to resisting extortion though initiatives like the World Economic Forum's Partnering Against Corruption initiative or the U.N.
Finally, Madoff's giant Ponzi scheme, some of which appears to be plain fraud, though system-wide irregularities also point to subtler forms of corruption and capture.
EITI, there is some evidence that it has reduced corruption in Nigeria, according to Mr MacGillivray, though it may be just shifting the graft to other ministries.
Mr Gilman's view is that there was less outright pilferage than is commonly believed, though American food aid and bilateral trade credits were two areas where corruption was endemic.
Mr Kejriwal's party promises an independent and powerful ombudsman to punish graft (essential, though there are concerns that it could become a bloated, Kafkaesque anti-corruption bureaucracy), and sweeping electoral, police and judicial reforms (all of which India desperately needs, but reforms that politicians seem to be averse to), among other things.
Tapping such ties to facilitate business, though it can be controversial, is usually a far cry from either cronyism or corruption.
Should the FBI find that News Corp. engaged in acts of corruption or bribery through NOR, the company could face potential liability even though it no longer owns NOR, lawyers said.
WSJ: FBI Probing News Corp.'s Former Billboard Unit in Russia
Soccer corruption scandals last year also tarnished leagues in Italy, Greece, Finland and Israel even though Union of European Football Associations, Europe's ruling body known as UEFA, spent millions investigating cases in which players and referees were allegedly bribed, and improving the monitoring of betting syndicates.
Yet, though widely supported, this reform will not be easy or quick, cautions Luis Moreno Ocampo, an anti-corruption campaigner.
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