Dilmun, one of most important ancient civilisations of the region and said to date to the third millennium BC, was a hub on a major trading route between Mesopotamia - the world's oldest civilisation - and the Indus Valley in South Asia.

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Moenjodaro, located on the right bank of the Indus River, 510 km north-east of Karachi, in Pakistan's Sindh Province, flourished for about 1000 years during the third and second millennium BC.

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