The Iranian Labyrinth: Journeys Through Theocratic Iran and Its Furies, Dilip Hiro, Nation Books, 2005.
Civilian - it's to avoid talking about secular, not only that, but it means non-theological, non-theocratic, rather, non-theocratic and non-military.
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As Stephen Batchelor has recently shown, the open-minded, non-authoritarian side of Buddhism, too, quickly succumbed to its theocratic side, gasping under the weight of those heavy statues.
Several clerics still outrank Mr Khamenei in the Shia hierarchy, and many more are troubled by the promotion of someone of only fairly senior standing to the top theocratic job.
For now, he seems also to have the backing of Iran's supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, a cleric anointed by the late Ayatollah Khomeini, the founding father of a revolutionary theocratic Iran.
But the philosophical base on which Iran's theocratic edifice is built is Khomeini's velayat-e faqih, the rule of the Islamic jurist, a concept the ayatollah developed in exile in Iraq in the 1970s.
Because on the one hand, of course, a theocratic form of government is not consistent with the Constitution of the United States or the freedoms that it enshrines, or the government that it prescribes.
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Because Bahrain hosts a U.S. naval presence, and because it has been able to cultivate an international image as an ally against radicalism even as it remains a theocratic state, there is an assumption that the American influence in Bahrain could be decisive.
They represent a large and relatively coherent constituency of 5m people, something that cannot be said of most of the other members, who are either former exiles, political novices, or represent a Shia majority that is badly split over whether to follow a secular or theocratic agenda.
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