Second, the state sometimes offers favours of its own to transporters public lands and roads, say, or the seizure of private property to make way for new infrastructure and expects a certain level of public service in return.
By distributing grazing landsto herders in the same way that it distributes crop land to farmers, China has violated the most basic tenets of pastoral ecology, ruining much of the grasslands.
The route takes the visitor through the spread of Islam from Arab Lands and Iran under the Umayyads and Abbasids (seventh to 13th centuries) all thewayto Later South Asia (16th to 20th centuries).
And from early reports, a lot of that has already begun - the rounding up of dissidents, the crushing of incipient movements to keep people from getting kicked off their landsto make their way for facilities.