Of course, central to the Dow Theory is that the action of the Dow Jones Industrials must be confirmed by the action of the Dow Jones Transportation Average.

FORBES: 80-Year-Old Wisdom That Still Works

With Hard Times (1854) - a critique of the political theory of utilitarianism which holds that the proper course of action is the one that seeks the greatest good for the greatest number of people - Dickens set himself against thinkers like Jeremy Bentham, Thomas Malthus and Adam Smith and their influence on government policy.

BBC: Charles Dickens

Now Mr. Chwe argues, absurdly, that in the early 19th Century Austen was laying the philosophical groundwork for a new theory of strategic action.

FORBES: Jane Austen, Game Theorist?

He promoted the idea that the rightness or wrongness of an action depended on its consequences, an ethical theory known as utilitarianism.

ECONOMIST: John Harsanyi

Starting in the late 1980s De Soto, with the support of then Peruvian president Alan Garcia and his successor Alberto Fujimori, transformed his theory into action.

FORBES: Waking Dead Capital

In addition, the theory of homeopathy actually defies conventional scientific understanding--in particular, the law of mass action, which demands that the rates of chemical reactions be proportional to the concentrations of substances involved.

FORBES: Homeopathic Medicine Is Homeo-Pathetic

Starting in the late 1980s, de Soto, with the support of Peru's then-president Alan Garca and his successor Alberto Fujimori, transformed his theory into action.

FORBES: Waking Dead Capital