At laboratories at the American Sports Medicine Institute in Alabama and the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, orthopedists and biomechanists place dozens of sensors on pitchers and have them throw in front of a series of infrared cameras that measure their motions and turn the windup into a three-dimensional computer graphic.

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When it was finally approved on Dec. 30, 2004, there was another delay, as the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency took months more to decide what special restrictions needed to be placed on the medicine.

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The civil unrest of the previous decade had finally settled down, the student body was growing larger and more diverse, the university had changed its applications process to a double-blind procedure with no special consideration for gender, race, or ethnicity, and research in medicine and the physical sciences shared space in the curriculum with philosophy and art.

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