According to a report on contingent elections by the Congressional Research Service, the procedures undertaken for that 1825 vote -- the House met in closed session without reporters, for instance, and voted anonymously by paper ballot -- would be "precedential, but not binding" for similar elections in the future.

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Then, after more details surfaced, she wrote a somewhat self-serving essay for Time that conceded fault but insisted that her mistakes were inadvertent, the result of inadequate research procedures.

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The company last week released the latest version of a product for research institutions to automate their regulatory compliance procedures, manage research project approvals and improve the efficiency of complicated human and animal research.

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Thanks to the three Rs, animal research had been falling from a peak of about 5.5m procedures a year in the 1970s, but recently numbers have stabilised, as genetically modified animals have started to be used to model human disease.

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Officials familiar with the investigation think that these accounts may originally have been set up to give Eurostat a way to pay for research quickly, without going through the commission's cumbersome procedures.

ECONOMIST: Charlemagne

Currently, both live and deceased animals are used in commercial or scientific research and education, with just over 3.7 million procedures carried out on living animals in the UK in 2010.

BBC: Animal testing debate

The new outfit, Transcelerate Biopharma, was created out of a regular meeting of drug company research chiefs and will focus on five areas where the clinical trials that are used to test medicines wastefully duplicate procedures like training physicians, running websites, or creating procedures to document the benefits and side effects of new medicines.

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Armed with the root-cause research, the airline was able to take relatively inexpensive corrective actions, such as synchronizing information systems, clarifying communications procedures, and training pilots in communications skills.

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