The protective effect of aspirin appeared to be consistent regardless of age, sex, race or country of origin.
However, the protective effect of the Pill against some cancers cannot be explained.
But Professor Boffetta said the protective effect of the vegetables would not rule out the harmful effect of smoking, linked to the majority of cases of lung cancer.
The protective effect of an early pregnancy is thought to be due to the fact that a first, full-term pregnancy stimulates the full differentiation of the cells lining the milk ducts, where most breast cancers arise.
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But while there is pretty much consensus within the scientific community about the protective effect these oils have on the heart, their impact upon the brain - whether to lift depression, curb violent urges, or simply to boost concentration - are less well documented.
There are several different types of lung cancer, and the protective fish effect appeared to be the strongest for a type called adenocarcinoma - about 5% of all cases.
It contributed important new understanding on subjects such as the chemistry of the protective ozone layer and the cooling effect volcanoes can exert on the global climate.
Yet the transplant's protective effect persists with no sign, as yet, of diminishing and there is every reason to believe, based on the results of experiments on monkeys, that it will not diminish in the future.
They found infants who were fed solids late had no protective effect on the development of these allergies.
It has been thought the pill could offer a protective effect because it contains hormones that are also raised in pregnancy.
Researchers at Rush Medical University found that mentally challenging activities, such as reading and playing chess, may have a protective effect on the brain and help lower risk of dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease.
So, once the pill is stopped, that protective effect is lost.
But the new research found no evidence of any protective effect.
Researchers don't know why a plant-based diet seems to have a protective effect, but one likely reason is the nutrient profile of vegetarian diets, which tend to be higher in fiber and lower in saturated fat.
Although its protective action won't take effect for about two weeks, the flu season hasn't peaked.
Likewise, increased use of the osteoporosis drug raloxifene (Evista), which has also been shown to have a protective effect against breast cancer, could have played a role.
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The researchers concluded that an ingredient in red wine, rather than alcohol, is responsible for this protective effect.
That protective effect lasts for years -- up to 15 years after a woman stops taking the pill, according to Hatcher.
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