There is disunity not only on the opium problem but on how to fight the war.
The opium harvesting was part of the normal pattern of life for the village children.
This is where buyers find themselves in the opium den that is Porsche's car configurator.
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This was booty seized during the opium wars and then the Boxer uprising of 1900.
The opium, like the generals' efforts at image-enhancement, did not, at first, catch fire.
Small groups of men and boys were in the fields, scoring the bulbs to bleed the opium.
Another critic, David Feingold, an anthropologist, says that the opium-eradication programme is ill conceived and badly executed.
Afghanistan is still the world's biggest source of the opium poppy, despite the presence of foreign troops.
Russia took the region 140 years ago while China was too busy fighting the Opium Wars to object.
The Marxist view is that religion is the opium of the people, a false consolation for life's miseries.
This state of lawlessness has allowed the widespread cultivation of the opium poppy, from which heroin is made.
Xie Jin's The Opium War, was released to coincide with the end of colonial rule in Hong Kong.
In Uruzgan, the opium was sold to middlemen who then smuggled it out of Afghanistan to Pakistan or Iran.
But the Opium Wars are always there, lurking in the Chinese subconscious, perpetuating the tension between pride and victimhood.
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These new traders, though, had a more rapacious edge: their fortunes rested on the opium they proffered instead of silver.
More importantly, she explains how China has turned the Opium Wars into a founding myth of its struggle for modernity.
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Hong Kong was a British colony that was the spoils of its military victory in the Opium Wars of the mid-1800s.
Mr. Johnson writes about China's traditional policy to "export the maximum and import the minimum, " which led to the Opium Wars.
By refusing to help the opium farmers, the world may loose a historic chance to tackle the drug trade, he says.
But the opium poppy still blooms in Kokang and heroin production in the region continued its relentless rise during the early 1990s.
The first soldier died after consuming the opium like chewing tobacco and smoking pieces of it in a cigarette, the documents show.
Britain had fought two wars in favour of the opium trade in the 19th Century, crushing Chinese efforts to restrict its importation.
Ultimately, Britain fought a series of wars, which became known as the Opium Wars, in order to force China to allow its sale.
In 2006, for example, China's government shut down a leading liberal weekly over an article that challenged national orthodoxy on the Opium Wars.
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The UN ran out of patience this year with the opium growers in northwest Pakistan, freezing aid until they agreed to destroy their crops.
In more recent years it's become the centre of the poppy growing industry which drives the opium industry in this part of the world.
The opium-free poppy seed is the result of five years of research by scientists at the government-run Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants based in Lucknow.
If fully enforced, the ban will destroy one of the biggest components of the opium trade in the Golden Triangle, and shrink the world's supply of heroin.
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