By tradition, the moons of Pluto have names associated with Hades and the underworld.
ENGADGET: Pluto moon names to be selected by public voting, we talk to astronomer Mark Showalter
Galilei discovered the moons of Jupiter in, mebbe 1608, 1610, something like that.
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In some of the most breathtaking pictures from Cassini we can actually watch the moons at work.
For the moons and surface features of non-minor planets, though, the traditional themes are more rigorously enforced.
But the most significant influence is wielded by the moons that orbit thousands of km outside the rings.
The moons are only 20 to 30 km (15 to 20 miles) across.
ENGADGET: Pluto moon names to be selected by public voting, we talk to astronomer Mark Showalter
Robotic explorers have found evidence of water, a key ingredient for life on Mars and on the moons of Jupiter.
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Beginning today, SETI will open up an online contest to name the moons, both of which were discovered via the Hubble Telescope fairly recently.
Because Jupiter's axis of rotation does not quite line up with its magnetic axis, the moons that orbit the planet feel such a fluctuating magnetic force.
Both Romulus and Remus (the names of twin brothers in the Roman foundation myth) are already in use as names for the moons of the asteroid 87 Silvia.
But the best reason that we have to believe in the moons of Jupiter is that no one has to be prepared to die for them in order for them to be real.
As the moons pass close to - or even through the rings, their gravitational pull tugs waves of the ring particles towards them, twisting and shaping the ring and sweeping paths through them.
The ocean on Earth is thought to have been where life started, so these discoveries have led optimists to wonder whether the moons of Jupiter, rather than the deserts of Mars, may yield the first signs of extraterrestrial life.
The discoverers of Pluto's two tiniest moons are inviting the public to help select names for the new moons.
ENGADGET: Pluto moon names to be selected by public voting, we talk to astronomer Mark Showalter
If the question is life - and that's one of the most profound questions we can ask, he says - the answer is almost certainly not Mars or an asteroid, but rather the icy moons orbiting distant planets like Saturn and Jupiter.
The other two moons, though, yielded the jewels in Galileo's crown of discoveries.
These under-ice environments may also provide fascinating insights into the potential habitability of some moons in the Solar System.
As with the rest of the dwarf planet's moons, the organization's asking that the names be associated with Hades (the underworld), with ties to Greek or Roman mythology.
Galileo's most remarkable discoveries, however, and the ones that dictated that it would eventually follow the probe's fiery fate, were made not about Jupiter itself, but (appropriately) about the four large Jovian moons discovered by Galileo Galilei, the 17th-century astronomer after whom the craft was named.
And new software, plus the ability to vary the projected sizes and brightnesses of planets and moons, makes it possible to simulate the sky from anywhere in the solar system: to see earthrise from Mars, for example, or to watch Jupiter's moons rise and set from a vantage point just above the gas giant's cloud-tops.
One of the key discoveries has been the role Saturn's moons play in maintaining the order and structure of the rings.
In a flash of intuition, he had it: the new stars near Jupiter were actually moons, orbiting the planet as our moon orbits us.
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Of course Galileo made great use of the telescope, and his discoveries--that Jupiter has its own moons, that the Milky Way is made of stars, that Venus has phases just like the moon--were turning points.
This year, for example, the names Caliban and Sycorax were proposed for the 16th and 17th moons of Uranus.
Since being demoted from planet to dwarf planet in 2006 we've actually discovered two new moons orbiting the icy sun satellite.
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The tournament saw Mr. Kesner and his "Trivial Dispute" co-founder, Gavin Shulman, run through themed rounds on topics such as goats and blue moons, the latter a nod to tournament sponsor Blue Moon Brewing Co.
In our story, at midnight the brothers delayed the deal for eight more moons.
The first observations were made of Deimos, the smaller of Mars' two moons.
The probe was built to land on the larger of Mars' two moons, Phobos, and scoop up rock to bring back to Earth.
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