Either way, as these mistakes are realized in the marketplace, both sides regress to the mean and this in turn creates the value premium.
But when macroeconomic changes force up markets generally, it does not mean that the value of each individual company in that market has changed similarly.
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The government says that PFI is a vital part of its plans to expand and modernise the public sector, and that using the private sector can mean better value for money.
Yet this need not mean that the veneration of shareholder value is wrong, and should be replaced by worship at the altar of some other business deity.
But the act of shopping, by which I mean individuals making price-feature-value tradeoffs for the products and services they are considering purchasing, is absolutely fundamental to a healthy economy.
But Mr Mudd also argues that the information obtained this way was of critical value: does that mean if there was another horrific attack, the times would again be hot and heavy, and the pendulum would swing back?
However, that does not mean that he is negating the value of peace (to his current self) by achieving it.
Capturing the value of this content can mean millions of dollars in savings and better use of corporate assets due to a more knowledgeable, efficient and effective workforce.
By customer value propositions, I mean the total sum of benefits the customer receives from buying a product.
New construction is going on in the north and western part of Zurich and high property prices in the rest of city mean people look there for value.
Even though it's nowhere near cheap, that doesn't mean the SUB 25 can't present value to well-heeled bassheads, and we'll try to suss that out over the coming weeks.
Because he thinks that by enabling growth, default plus devaluation might actually raise the present value of those bonds, compared with the current scenario, which he thinks will mean default happening when the debt stock has risen that much higher and the economy has been hammered that much harder.
The trouble is that this centres the fan chart on the mode of the distribution (the single likeliest outcome), and not necessarily on the median (the value that divides the outcomes, ranked by size, exactly in two) or the mean (the sum of the outcomes divided by the number of outcomes).
There are many who think that strengthening the value of China's currency won't mean American jobs lost to China in the past decade return to US shores - the jobs will simply go to the next low-cost country like Vietnam or India.
The next move up in interest rates will mean another incremental loss of value.
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But I'm just saying -- I mean, I think his record is pretty -- demonstrates the value he places on diversity.
An appraisal that results in a value that is less than the contract purchase price can potentially mean all kinds of woe for the loan officer (me) and the real estate agent.
In other words, because of the European-style exercise and the mean-reversion of volatility, VIX options will often trade at lower value than what seems appropriate during periods of high volatility (and vice versa in low volatility periods), particularly early on in the term of the option.
That might mean investing in distressed assets, or in properties with the potential to add substantial value through repurposing or refurbishment.
Accounting rules mean that once its share of AngloGold Ashanti falls below 50%, the value of that holding can be reflected in its books at market price, as an investment.
In crude terms, it would mean that a bank would have to suffer a 4% fall in the value of all its loans and investments to be wiped out - which hasn't happened that often in history, but is not unthinkable.
For the Liberal Democrats, Eluned Parrot said she had no philosophical objection to a publically-owned airport, but she had seen no evidence it would mean more flights for passengers, represent good value for money for taxpayers or benefit the economy.
Just because the vocational outcome between the two might be different doesn't mean it's government's role to assign its value to society.
Together these challenges mean that the industry must bridge the gap to get the maximum return on information from the highest value data.
In particular, the low insider interest may mean that stocks are not trading at a good discount to their net asset value, or there are poor earnings prospects in the view of company directors.
And it would mean China could continue to buy US Treasury securities at a cheaper price to make up for the declining value of the dollar, which hit a new low for the past several decades today.
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