Across the top two thirds of the painting is the futile advance by the Confederate forces.
WSJ: Capturing Gettysburg | Objects of Valor | State Museum of Pennsylvania | By Mark Yost
That is more or less enough to explain why some people find the Confederate flag offensive.
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In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation formally freeing all slaves in the Confederate States.
The Americans don't seem to mind that the Confederate Army wore the color.
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In this rolling farmland on the night of Nov. 29, 1864, the Confederate Army of Tennessee let Union forces slip past.
Here was the first important Union victory in the four-year war, when in 1862 Union forces broke the Confederate stronghold in eastern Kentucky.
In 1862, the siege of the Confederate city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, began when Union naval forces took up position off of the city.
In 1862, the Confederate garrison of Fort Pulaski at Tybee Island, Georgia, was taken after a 30-hour siege, ending the era of masonry fortifications.
The controversy over the Confederate flag in 2000 and the subsequent economic boycott by the NAACP drew national attention to racial tensions in South Carolina.
When it went into effect on January 1, 1863 -- 100 days later -- the Proclamation freed all those held as slaves in the Confederate states.
By the end of the war, a third to a half of the Confederate army had deserted, and more than 300, 000 Southern whites were fighting for the Union.
From this vantage, it might not seem so wise to keep waving the Confederate flag and pretending there is no difference between singing Dixie and We Shall Overcome.
Sherman then saw the Confederate army as it surged forward.
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Not long ago, battles over the display of the Confederate Stars and Bars in South Carolina, Georgia, and Mississippi had provoked defenders of Confederate heritage to protest in state legislatures.
French emperor Napoleon III "was no friend of the Union and was definitely a friend of the Confederacy and flirted with the Confederacy constantly with the possible recognition of the Confederate government, " Hayes-Bautista said.
They also agreed that the Confederate flag, which civil rights campaigners say is a symbol of repression, should be lowered in South Carolina - the only state still to fly the flag on its statehouse.
John Reynolds in the foreground on a stretcher, dying from the head wound he suffered at Herbst Wood, a geographic feature in the center of the painting that was crucial in delaying the Confederate advance.
WSJ: Capturing Gettysburg | Objects of Valor | State Museum of Pennsylvania | By Mark Yost
"Charge of the Louisiana Tigers and Repulse" takes place at sunset on the second day of the battle and shows the Fifth Maine Battery raking the left flank of the Confederate assault on East Cemetery Hill.
WSJ: Capturing Gettysburg | Objects of Valor | State Museum of Pennsylvania | By Mark Yost
On the 6th, Sherman was out inspecting the encampment, took out his looking glass and was observing to his left, when the confederate line emerged from the brush to his right, a mere 100 yards away.
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The Confederate flag has also become an issue in the Republican campaign, but both leading contenders, George W Bush and John McCain, have said it is up to South Carolina residents to decide whether the flag should fly.
And "Repulse of General Johnson's Division by General Geary's White Star Division" depicts the seven-hour battle for Culp's Hill, a piece of strategic high ground that was basically the last thrust by the Confederate forces against the Union right flank.
WSJ: Capturing Gettysburg | Objects of Valor | State Museum of Pennsylvania | By Mark Yost
Several Union officers are depicted on horseback and on foot, pointing their swords and their men toward the Confederate lines, which are blurry in the distance, partially obscured by smoke but visible enough to show that the Union forces are decimating the Confederates.
WSJ: Capturing Gettysburg | Objects of Valor | State Museum of Pennsylvania | By Mark Yost
By definition symbols convey meaning, and people therefore tamper with them at their peril (witness the mixed emotions of race and tradition when the Confederate flag is flown in the South, or the horror when some white supremacist burns a cross or daubs a swastika).
The Monitor, sailed by the northern Union side, fought the southern Confederate battleship Virginia in the Battle of Hampton Roads on 9 March 1862.
While he may have already capitulated to Union troops, she enlists the stalwart Confederate general of her imagination to fight one more losing battle with the new Southern male, a pallid spawn who can't shoot, can't hunt, can't fight, and can't play cards.
Had they done so, the initial Confederate assault would not have been so deadly.
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That was impossible without at least some of the former Confederate states joining in this ratification.
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The amendment's framers clearly figured that enforcement would focus on the former Confederate states, Mr. Verrilli said.
Known locally as the Graffiti House, it is thought to have served as a Confederate field hospital during the 1863 Battle of Brandy Station, one of the biggest conflicts between Confederate and Unionist forces.
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