That area is often described as the place where the Internet was invented, but today it looks increasingly like the center of the global military-industrial complex.

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Xerox, at its Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), invented the graphical user interface, ethernet communications and the language of digital printing.

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Both Waldmann and ucsf diabetes center director Jeffrey Bluestone, who invented the MacroGenics drug, were originally hoping their idea would yield safer organ transplant drugs.

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But among the labs Merck is shuttering are the Newhouse, Scotland, operation that invented both Saphris and sugammadex and the Oss, Netherlands, site that Schering had kept as the center of its fertility drug business.

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