"We are able to measure activities that originate deeper in the brain from the surface without penetrating the brain, " said materials engineer George Malliaras at the Microelectronics Center of Provence in France, who led the research team.
WSJ: Brain Science: Mysterious Neural Circuitry Becomes Viewable
"They are not much larger than the dimensions of a neuron in the brain, " said materials scientist John Rogers at the University of Illinois, who helped develop them.
WSJ: Brain Science: Mysterious Neural Circuitry Becomes Viewable
Drew Westen, an Emory University psychology professor who wrote "The Political Brain, " said the ad debate is about much more than health care.
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At the same time, social and intellectual activities such as visiting family and friends, reading, playing intellectually stimulating games or learning a new language did nearly nothing to ward off the symptoms of an aging brain, the study said.
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"By the time Dr Beattie examined the child, it was evident that he had suffered bleeding in various surface parts of the brain, " said Mr Bedford.
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The shock wave shattered the thinnest bone of her skull, and fragments entered her brain, the hospital said.
Dr Pat Levitt, a neuroscientist at the University of Pittsburgh, in Pennsylvania said the artificial brain had "really significant potential".
"I personally like to think of it as an intellect upgrade, since the 'brain' remains the same, " said Jim Donaldson, the mission's avionics chief engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.
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Dr James Marshall, a computer scientist at the University of Sheffield co-ordinating the project, said simulating a brain was one of the "major challenges" of artificial intelligence.
Dr. Peter Martin, director of the Vanderbilt Addiction Center in Tennessee, said that the "brain on drugs" commercial gives teens a perfect picture of what drugs can do to their brains.
Professor Christopher James, an expert on brain-computer interfacing at Warwick University in the UK, said the Duke team's plans for multi-brain networks might work in animals but, for ethical and practical reasons, would not be appropriate for humans in the foreseeable future.
"This can lead to bleeding in different compartments and bleeding around the brain, " he said.
President and co-founder of Emotiv Systems, Tan Le, said the brain-to-computer interface was undoubtedly the future for video games.
"She had her neck compressed and that was the cause of a lack of oxygen to the brain, " he said.
He said the brain areas involved, which control decision making such as how to consciously move the body, might be important.
"When there are elements that are both human or nonhuman, this mismatch can produce an eerie sensation in the brain, " MacDorman said.
"The cells they looked at were right on the surface so you can easily see them without burrowing inside the brain, " he said.
"Even if we don't actually define it in words, we may be able to find signals for it in the brain, " Saygin said.
"What microwave radiation does in most simplistic terms is similar to what happens to food in microwaves, essentially cooking the brain, " Black said.
"They are trying to bring something new and a little different to the understanding of how the brain works, " said neuroscientist Stephen Smith at Stanford University Medical School.
"After a while it gets old and not so fulfilling to take the brain out when (an athlete) is dead, " said Bailes, a neurosurgeon and director of the Brain Injury Research Institute, which focuses on the study of traumatic brain injuries and their prevention.
The effects of that brain activity are not known, said the researchers, who called for more study.
"You can capture a map of the circuit in the brain that was active, " said Brookhaven neuroscientist Panayotis K. Thanos, who helped develop the technique.
WSJ: Brain Science: Mysterious Neural Circuitry Becomes Viewable
The boy was rushed to Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, where he was declared brain-dead, the official said.
"Our ultimate objective is a deep understanding of the human brain and its understanding, " said Arati Prabhakar, director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, in a conference call with reporters.
The comedian Emo Philips said that he thought his brain was the most fascinating organ in his body until he realized who was telling him this.
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The answer, he said, was to tap into the brain's "hierarchical" system used to control the body.
"Its awe-inspiring how a genome with only 30, 000 genes can create the brain, " Allen has said.
With a brain injury, functioning may be impaired depending on what area of the brain was damaged, Francisco said.
"I remember as a small child him talking about the greatest area of discovery was still the human brain, " he said.
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