The mining companies have compared the proposed legislation with what they say is the unjust Black Economic Empowerment Act (BEE) of South Africa, launched to redress the inequalities of apartheid.

BBC: Indian tax plans condemned by mining companies

The Franklin bumblebee, for instance a mostly black bee native to northwest California and southwest Oregon was abundant in 1998, but the following year went into a steep and probably terminal decline.

NEWYORKER: Stung

Over the years, many black executives found the corporate culture hard to stomach and departed, even before BEE started offering a faster route to riches.

ECONOMIST: Face value