But some researchers believe that the generally steady improvement since 1990 means American students are definitely on the right track, especially in this era of high-stakes educational testing.
If his approach catches in a few years from now when gene scanning becomes cheap and easily available, it could herald a new era of do-it-yourself genetic testing.
For most of the nuclear era, successive U.S. administrations of both political parties regarded periodic nuclear testing as essential to the maintenance of a safe, reliable and effective nuclear deterrent.
While U.S. administrations going back to the Eisenhower era have given lip service to the goal of a negotiated ban on all nuclear testing, in practice they proceeded cautiously in trying to achieve this goal.
Recalling an era when the word "atomic" conjured modernity and mystery, the Smithsonian-run Atomic Testing Museum remains an intriguing testament to the period when the fantastical - and destructive - power of nuclear energy was tested just outside of Las Vegas.