Test-tube experiments showed the Iceland gene causes the body's production of leukotrienes to go into overdrive.
Nowadays, scientists generally rely on test-tube results for initial screening of experimental pharmaceutical drugs.
But in test-tube experiments the mock DNA couldn't pierce the membrane of human cells.
Zoos now have access to a ghostly menagerie of frozen embryos for test-tube breeding.
In a notable success, Asashima created a test-tube heart - and kept it beating for one month.
The first so-called test-tube baby, Louise Brown, whom he helped bring into the world, was born in 1978.
OZ-277, has proved more effective than artemisinin itself in both the test-tube and in animal models of malaria.
Understand: He is not talking about growing a biological person in a test-tube and requiring him to be Dad.
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Twenty one years ago such questions were asked after the birth of Louise Brown, the world's first test-tube baby.
Hundreds of test-tube babies have been born through artificial insemination in Japan since the first successful case in 1983.
It was downhill from there, with the unicycles, clowns and test-tube flutes.
She blocked a man's legal battle to see a test-tube baby daughter, who was conceived after his relationship with the mother broke up.
Dr. Edwards and Dr. Steptoe worked with no public funding or direct research support at a time when the concept of a test-tube baby seemed the stuff of Orwellian science fiction.
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Our son got a big cool room, and our daughter got a slightly smaller room because she was a test-tube baby so we had spent part of her budget just getting her born.
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He showed that just as the bad amyloid-42 sped the formation of amyloid clusters, so a small number of pathological prions could convert good prions to the dark side, at least in test-tube experiments.
Even though this was test-tube research and the new strain has not yet been shown to be infectious in animals, the scientists involved say it offers important clues as to how prion diseases cross between species.
So Dr Wildt's group is, for example, using a test-tube assay to measure hormone patterns in the faeces of endangered clouded leopards, and correlating these to behaviour under stress with a view to improving reproductive efficiency.
An examination of the unique eyes of skate (ray fish) led to advances in combating blindness, the horseshoe crab was crucial in developing a test for bacterial contamination, and sea urchins helped in the development of test-tube fertilization.
Working in close collaboration with gynecologist Patrick Steptoe, who died in 1988, Dr. Edwards overcame entrenched political and religious hostility, as well as the disapproval of many other scientists at the time, to pioneer the basic techniques of human embryology that led to the birth of the first test-tube baby, Louise Brown, in 1978.
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In Dr Djerassi's future world, men and women will have their sperm and eggs frozen in their 20s and then undergo sterilisation, free to pursue their professional and sexual interests content in the knowledge that their cells can be safely resurrected and reliably made to unite in a test-tube whenever they want a child.
The next year Golde, at the Mayo Clinic, and his collaborator Edward Koo, at uc, San Diego, showed--at least in the test tube--that high doses of ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatories could lower production of amyloid-beta-42, which was believed to be a bad type of amyloid.
Kosan has generated several hundred variants of the antibiotic, some of which wipe out strains of bacteria that are resistant to most other marketed drugs--in test tube and animal experiments, anyway.
An incident at his school when he was a teenager, which the court heard was a chlorine attack on an assembly, had only involved a test tube and no-one was hurt, Mr Railton said.
Could something as dumb and as mechanical as a robotic test tube compete with old-fashioned ingenuity?
Both hit all but one of dozens of Gleevec-resistant strains in the test tube, and in trials they send a large minority of such tough cases into remission.
Sure enough, he found that the only cells that could produce new tumors in the test tube were the ones with CD133--strong circumstantial evidence that defective stem cells were the growth factor in brain cancer.
Three strands of DNA were synthesized so that when they were put into a test tube, they immediately became a molecular motor--a pair of DNA tweezers, held together at one end by a third piece of DNA that could be made to open and shut by adding or subtracting a fourth DNA strand.
Balasubramanian's group has been pursuing a four-stranded version of the molecule that scientists have produced in the test tube now for a number of years.
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