Importantly, hedge funds have evolved in recent decades as a natural result of long-term changes in the structure and operation of the financial markets.
It is now unclear if the European Central Bank will roll out another round of its long-term refinancing operation (LTRO).
The momentum looks likely to continue, particularly because the ECB will conduct a second offering of three-year loans to banks, known as a long-term refinancing operation, or LTRO, at the end of February.
Yet he's optimistic about the long-term cost savings and synergies of the combined operation.
By the end of the year, when the Fed has sold the last of its short-term bonds, Operation Twist will have reached its limit.
For example, while the short-term advantage of outsourcing manufacturing processes allows for a satisfactory quarterly balance sheet, this strategy lacks long-term vision and can be an inefficient means of overseas operation.
The reaction to take-up of the ECB's second long-term refinancing operation was fairly muted.
To fill their funding holes from fleeing deposits much of this borrowing has come from the Long Term Refinancing Operation or LTRO.
Despite its bluster and short-term action plan, Pyongyang recognizes that the wide space of operation for its policies it assumed it had a week ago, is now closed considerably.
It cannot afford to continue to eliminate or curtail operation of the associated production complex without risking severe long-term harm to the U.S. deterrent posture.
Meanwhile, financial markets have taken a more positive tone in recent weeks, noted Bank of America Merrill Lynch, largely on the effects of the European Central Bank's three-year long-term refinancing operation.
With the end of Operation Twist, the Fed has largely depleted its stock of short-term Treasuries.
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And since the ECB started its long-term refinancing operation (LTRO) programme last November, they have been getting quite a lot of longer term funding from that source as well.
He said that, by May of this year, all the outstanding tip-offs had been investigated and said the UKBS had "launched an operation to identify and remove people, including students, who had overstayed beyond the term of their visa".
In 2005, in response to the success of eHarmony, Match.com began developing a new site a longer-term-relationship operation with a scientific underpinning.
Vaughan faced serious doubts about his long-term future as a player of any description, let alone at the highest level, after a fourth knee operation took him out of the international scene in 2006.
Examples of secured funding include covered bonds, repurchase agreements and the European Central Bank's Long-Term Refinancing Operation.
Mr Christie has already said he will run for a second term as governor in November, but denied that thoughts of running for the presidency had led him to have the operation.
However credible this assessment may be, we will endeavour - in view of the inherent uncertainties associated with any verification process, and, particularly in light of Iraq's past record of co-operation - to evaluate Iraq's capabilities on a continuous basis as part of our long-term monitoring and verification programme, in order to provide the international community with ongoing and real time assurances.
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