In a statement, the BSAVA said that shocks received during training could be stressful, painful and frightening for the animal and may also produce long-term adverse effects on behaviour.

BBC: Joan Andrews and Bonny

Ireland freely and willingly integrated into the euro currency with no adverse effects which was quite a landmark really during the last term.

BBC: Irish election: Your reaction

Ozone pollution has adverse effects on health as well, but is not as dangerous in the short-term.

FORBES: Life

The adverse effects on an individual's health are not known but there is potential for short term or long term harm from these substances.

BBC: Annihilation legal high leaves nine in hospital