Such increased summer melting has an immediate local temperature effect, and it also will affect sea level.
Though the temperature at which this effect occurs is too low for it to have any obvious practical consequences for the operation of computer chips, it is hot stuff for the theorists.
Natural processes involving changes in the Sun could have at least as powerful an effect on global temperature as increased emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Thirdly, we need to know what will be the effect of any particular temperature rise.
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The gas would soon find its way into the atmosphere, where it would add to the greenhouse effect and cause the temperature to rise.
If it has an atmosphere like Earth's, with a corresponding greenhouse effect, its average surface temperature would be a balmy 22C.
They have discounted the effect of both on the temperature increase over the last century because they either happen over too short a timescale, or they are too weak.
These - along with ambient temperature and other factors - can have a dramatic effect on performance.
After all, what do pre-industrial world temperature trends have anything to tell us about the effect of man-made Co2 on 20th century temperatures?
But Dr Zheludev has found that a similar effect can be achieved by keeping the temperature stable and using a beam of light to manipulate gallium's metallic nature.
When these stations observe a temperature rise, they are simply measuring the "urban heat island effect".
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That is because the CO2 greenhouse effect is weak and marginal compared to natural causes of global temperature changes.
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"We do see these big variations in the temperature in the mantle across parts of Antarctica that will have a big effect on the ice sheet, " Wiens said.
The iOS app initially shows just the core temperature, humidity and hours of sunlight in different sections, with its namesake haze effect giving a clue as to whether conditions are trending up or down.
Furthermore, when one examines the historical temperature record throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, the data strongly suggest a much lower CO2 effect than almost all models calculate.
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