Cumulatively, these resulted in the famous projection map of Gerardus Mercator in 1569, a plan of the world that still forms the basis of schoolroom teaching and Google Maps.

WSJ: Lost in Our Maps: A History of Cartographic Catastrophes

If the synergy between teaching and research is lost, the whole basis of America's research universities is undermined.

ECONOMIST: Research universities

The ballot by the EIS, which represents 80% of Scotland's teaching professionals, was held on a consultative basis, to gauge their willingness to strike.

BBC: Scottish teachers 'support' strike action over pensions

In 1920, HBS innovated the case method of research and teaching where students literally sink or swim entirely on the basis of their ability to persuade peers that their analysis and recommended course of action is the right one for the company in question.

FORBES: HBS Alumni In The Global Economy

This is part of the contract that forms the basis for the patent system: in exchange for teaching the public how to practice the invention, a patent holder is granted a time-limited right to exclude others from doing so.

FORBES: Patent Reform: Five Things Technology Companies Need to Know

Professors at most U.S. universities, for example, must publish in addition to teaching to be granted tenure, and the basic research done at universities is often the basis for many new products and technologies.

FORBES: Innovation and IPR in China, Part III

Teaching centers on the "Four Books" and the "Five Classics" that formed the basis of Chinese education for hundreds of years until the educational reforms following the fall of the Ching dynasty in 1911.

CNN: Confucius is seen as a beacon in a changing world