The concept of trying to quell the immune system attack on pancreas cells in diabetics goes back decades, but it has been beset by failure so far.
It was an antibody that primes the immune system to attack and kill tumors.
Using the immune system to attack cancers is one of the most promising areas in cancer.
One way is to use the criminal justice system to attack those with dubious pasts.
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The vaccine stimulates the body's immune system to attack cells with the mutation, leaving normal cells unharmed.
Seeing the innocuous virus, the immune system creates attack cells that should, in theory, fight off HIV.
Scientists claim they have found a way of beefing up the body's own immune system to attack cancer.
Provenge is potentially revolutionary because it aims to teach the body's own immune system to attack tumor cells.
Now others are working on a raft of vaccines that stimulate the immune system to attack cancerous prostate cells.
These proteins are highly-variable and thus difficult for the immune system to attack.
But like any vaccine, it triggers the immune system to attack an intruder, in this case, the cancerous cells.
One of the first to try to trigger the immune system to attack cancer was New York surgeon William Coley.
Designed to treat kidney cancer, TroVax works by encouraging the immune system to attack a protein found in solid cancers.
It trained the patient's own immune system to attack a protein called beta-amyloid that many scientists believe is implicated in Alzheimer's.
The vaccine, called Stimuvax, aims to stimulate the immune system to attack a protein fragment called MUC-1 found on lung, breast, prostate and colon tumors.
It is designed to train the immune system to attack tumors.
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The bacteria interacts with a molecule called IL-8 which should act as the messenger to rally other parts of the immune system to attack the "invader".
Another theory is that the initial illness may have created an autoimmune reaction, causing the body's immune system to attack normal cells as if they were foreign substances.
AN-1792 trained the patient's own immune system to attack the plaques, in theory preventing or even reversing the progression of the disease and the dementia that comes with it.
The Kepners knew a double hand transplant meant Kepner would have to take drugs to suppress his immune system for the rest of his life (like any transplant, the recipient's immune system could attack the new organ as a foreign object).
The move shocked investors, who had already been bidding down Dendreon shares because of worries that the company will face difficulties in getting insurers and the government to pay for Provenge, which is designed to prime the immune system to attack cancer cells.
Late in the summer ten kids with advanced neuroblastoma, one of the deadliest childhood cancers, began undergoing a radical new gene therapy with a breathtaking goal--to fight the disease not by deploying often inadequate chemotherapy and radiation but by jiggering the immune system to attack tumors it otherwise ignores.
Monoclonal antibodies are engineered versions of natural immune-system fighters that attack a particular target.
Coley's drug was supposed to cause immune system cells to attack cancer cells by turning on TLRs.
Once again the disability system comes under attack because somebody saw somebody on disability out playing baseball or walking down the street.
Mr Orban plans a radical overhaul of Hungary's complex tax system, an attack on the black economy, a simplification of the bureaucracy and new laws bringing openness to public procurement.
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Two specific types of immune system cell that attack invaders - CD4 T-cells and natural killer cells - increased in number with age, with a higher rate of increase in women than in men.
Unions suggest that money for the pension system should come from higher taxes or charges on those who are still working, and see cost-cutting in the pension system as an attack on their way of life.
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Now into this gloom comes a new type of drug, called an anti-CD3 antibody, that aims for the first time to delay or prevent development of the devastating disease by arresting the immune system's attack on pancreatic islet cells.
In recent years, evidence has built that the immune system can sometimes attack and kill cancer cells--sometimes--but that cancer finds ways to fight back and evade or blunt the attack. (See "Cancer Miracles") For some people with advanced cancer, ipilimumab may be just enough to trigger a full-fledged anti-tumor attack.
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