But synod member Susie Leafe said the outcome was because of faults in the legislation.
BBC: Women bishops: Church of England general synod votes against - BBC News
The plan will not be debated by the General Synod until late 2013 or early 2014.
The Wakefield diocesan synod voted against the move - despite approval from the other two.
Last month, the general synod of the Church of England voted narrowly against the move.
Many fear the synod's latest vote will reinforce a view of the Church being outdated.
Lay members of the deanery synods elect the members of the general synod's House of Laity.
BBC: Women bishops: Backers look to new general synod election
The diocese of Bristol also passed a vote of no confidence in the general synod.
Conservative evangelical Anglicans say they will fight the move in the Church's ruling general synod.
BBC: CofE drops opposition to gay bishops in civil partnerships
Others cautioned the synod against turning the BBC into a scapegoat, or giving it "a good kicking".
The Church's ruling General Synod voted in July to press ahead with the ordination of women bishops.
The general synod of the Church voted narrowly against the appointment of women as bishops on Tuesday.
BBC: Church of England's decision on women bishops was 'wrong'
While 324 synod members voted for women bishops, Church voting rules mean 122 votes against were enough to block it.
BBC: Women bishops: Church has 'lost credibility' says Rowan Williams - BBC News
Bishops are due to meet in July to debate the proposals with the general synod, Dean Osborne said.
The synod also voted to support a letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, asking him to intervene.
"What the rules prevent is the same measure being reconsidered by general Synod without a special procedure, " he explained.
The Synod needs a two-thirds majority in all three houses of the General Synod, of bishops, clergy and laity.
It needs a two-thirds majority in all three houses of the General Synod - of bishops, clergy and laity.
If agreement can be reached at round-table talks, fresh legislation can be fast-tracked through the current synod, they insist.
BBC: Women bishops: Backers look to new general synod election
Legend has it that he quite literally rose to prominence during a synod called to decide a case of heresy.
At an extraordinary meeting at St Brelade's Church Hall on Tuesday evening, the Jersey Deanery Synod expressed its "deep concern".
The measure was passed by the synod's houses of bishops and clergy but was rejected by the House of Laity.
In November the 420-member general synod of the Church of England voted narrowly against the appointment of women as bishops.
In November 2012, the ordination of women bishops in the Church of England was narrowly rejected by its ruling general synod.
BBC: Women bishops on agenda for Church in Wales governing body
The Most Reverend Rowan Williams told the ruling general synod that the Church could be seen as "wilfully blind" to modern trends and priorities.
BBC: Women bishops: Church has 'lost credibility' says Rowan Williams - BBC News
Had the motion been backed by the synod, the proposed legislation would have made its way through Parliament before receiving royal assent.
The Synod could also opt to adjourn the debate further to allow amendments made to the proposal in May to be reconsidered.
The earliest the Church's governing body, the General Synod, could give final approval to legislation on women bishops would be in July.
Just a few days before the Synod vote, Swaziland consecrated its first female Anglican bishop - the Right Reverend Ellinah Wamukoya.
The motion eventually passed, by 370 votes to none, spoke of the synod's "regret" at the reduction and rescheduling of certain religious broadcasts.
General synod voting rules meant that while 324 members were in favour of the change, and just 122 against, it was not passed.
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