The study, published in the latest Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, specifically looked at pools in Atlanta, but the researchers say such contamination is likely a widespread problem in U.S. pools, thanks to swimmers not washing themselves off before taking a dip.
She said it was probably intended as a "high-spirited prank" but the naked swimmers did not realise how inappropriate their actions were.
BBC: Skinny dippers at Llandudno charity swim in 'bad taste'
Teens should know their own limits, Harvey says, and not follow stronger swimmers without help.
Teens should also know their own limits and not follow stronger swimmers without help.
But Phelps is not like most athletes and he certainly is not like most swimmers.
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North Wales Police said the skinny dippers did not appear to be official swimmers but had just joined in.
BBC: Skinny dippers at Llandudno charity swim in 'bad taste'
Swimmers push against the water's surface not unlike South American basilisk lizards, which can scamper on top of water by slapping their big feet against the surface.
In human swimmers, the invisible web of water allows them not to propel themselves faster, but to better lift themselves out of the water.
Andre Brent oversees the pools at the stadium, located in Exposition Park, just south of downtown L.A. His job is to turn splashers into swimmers, and he's firm with youngsters who may not grasp all the dangers at hand.
Throughout central and southern Texas swimmers are being turned away from lakes and pools: the dwindling water supply is for drinking, not splashing around in.
For example, swimmers are unlikely to be tested for beta blockers - which can help calm the nerves but do not aid endurance - but divers definitely will be.
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