The Soho and Chelsea then were garage and body shops and upstairs garment sweatshops.
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In the meantime, sweatshops have become important to at least one Central American economy (see article).
Legislation introduced this month in the U.S. Senate would make it illegal to import goods produced in sweatshops.
Asian watchdog groups took the message to the media, spurring boycotts by groups like United Students Against Sweatshops.
The shirts and shoes they make for athletes are the target of perhaps the biggest-ever crusade against sweatshops.
The real complaint against developing countries is not that their exports are based on low wages and sweatshops.
They typically work in sweatshops, churning out textiles or stringing together costume jewelry.
They are four generations removed from the sweatshops where their great grandparents labored on New York's Lower East Side.
Burson says that if someone told him that a brand of jeans is made in "sweatshops by 8-year-olds, " he wouldn't buy it.
And if they package their software in sweatshops, who's ripping off whom?
Those who have successfully landed work for years doing hard manual labour, usually in sweatshops and Chinese restaurant kitchens, to pay off their debts.
Jeon was seeking improvements in working conditions in the country's sweatshops.
SomOfUs, Change.org and local chapters of United Students Against Sweatshops have been using social media to call for protesters to make a showing at Apple headquarters tomorrow.
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Raids in the Las Flores district of Buenos Aires, home to a host of small sweatshops, recently resulted in the closure of three manufacturers of counterfeit brand-named clothes.
It took this issue up, brought some government institutions into the effort and raided buildings known for having such sweatshops to free workers and enable them to make claims.
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Over the past three decades, they came in waves, working long hours in sweatshops, construction sites and assembly plants, enduring poor working conditions in order to save a little cash to remit home.
Brazilian police last year raided a number of sweatshops in the capital, Brasilia, and in Sao Paulo, where undocumented immigrants from Bolivia and Pakistan were found working in unsafe conditions for very little or no pay.
"Without the legally binding contract that the European retailers have signed, it's just putting lipstick on a pig, " said Bob Ross, a critic of sweatshops who teaches sociology at Clark University in Worcester, Mass.
But foes of globalization say that what actually gets spread around is worker exploitation, and they're calling loudly for international controls on sweatshops, child labor and other ill effects of the rush for cheap labor.
Families are close, but there's little work, so many people spend as long as two years away from home in the sweatshops of big Asian cities or in the construction sites of the Persian Gulf.
On a larger scale, the United Students Against Sweatshops all but eradicated products that were created by exploitative labor for sale on campuses, simply by raising awareness among students and demanding more from manufacturing standards.
The vast majority of the affected workers are mothers, some of whom have sick children and are in charge of taking care of their families, said Wendy Tejada, a 10-year volunteer with National Mobilization Against Sweatshops, in a phone interview.
The Monday after the deadly collapse of Rana Plaza in Savar, Bangladesh, Joe Fresh parent company Loblaw joined fellow retailers Sears Canada and Wal-Mart Canada at an emergency meeting of the Retail Council of Canada to discuss how to combat working conditions in sweatshops.
One major concern is that crowdsourced labor risks creating what Harvard Law School professor Jonathan Zittrain has called "digital sweatshops, " where workers who may be underage work long hours on mind-numbing tasks for very little money -- or, if the work is structured as a game, for no money at all.
Rather than building huts in Costa Rica, a Free Radical invents cheaper building materials, improves the logistics of getting materials where they need to be, creates a market to discover the right prices for materials and labor, educates Costa Ricans, hires them to do twenty-first-century work well beyond the grueling labor in sweatshops of the Far East and in the end, they can afford to build their own homes.
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