The pattern of military failure followed by appeasement continued this year in Swat in northern Pakistan, whose verdant valleys and towering mountains had once been one of Pakistan's premier tourist destinations.
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As a result, artists and performers are leaving Pakistan's Swat Valley and the North-West Frontier Province in droves.
"It was mayhem, " recalls Kainat Riaz of the day when her friend Malala was shot while they were on on their school bus last month in Pakistan's Swat valley.
On 9 October, Malala Yousafzai was shot in the head as she travelled home from school in a bus in Swat, in north-eastern Pakistan.
Known as the Switzerland of Pakistan, the former princely state of Swat had been popular with tourists for decades.
Pakistani officials thought that they had largely neutralized Mr. Fazlullah's threat until last fall, when some of his men crossed into Pakistan, stopped a school bus in Swat and shot Ms. Yousafzai in the head.
In a reminder that the threat facing Pakistan has spread beyond northwestern regions such as Swat and tribal areas, an explosion Monday in the country's east killed at least nine people.
Sixth, when Pakistan's government has done "peace" deals with the Taliban in the Pakistani tribal regions in 2005 and 2006 and in the northern region of Swat earlier this year, they were made following military setbacks by Pakistan's army.
It is the latest attack to strike Pakistan in the wake of its military offensive against the Taliban, centered in the Swat region of North West Frontier Province.
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Surgeons in Pakistan removed a bullet from Malala's head after she was shot returning home from school in the Swat valley on 9 October.
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