Mr Sinha could have cut staff (the railways alone are estimated to have 500, 000 surplus workers).
Europe and Japan in decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus workers, and to develop new products.
The policy was also useful for getting rid of surplus workers that employment-protection laws otherwise stopped from being laid off.
For their part, paternalistic companies have in the past shared jobs around when times were hard, rather than laying off surplus workers.
This week saw the tenth anniversary of the assassination of Marco Biagi, the expert behind a previous attempt to make it easier for employers to sack surplus workers.
With more than 4m surplus workers, corporate Japan could easily put 2m people on to the street by this time next year, sending the unemployment figure to an unimaginable 7%.
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Much of the credit for Germany's jobs miracle goes to Kurzarbeit, a scheme under which government hands out subsidies to firms that retain surplus workers, but there is more to it.
The government won a vote on the first reading of the civil-service bill in June, but only by one vote, and that after holding back a clause that would have let state governors and mayors sack surplus workers.
One would think a country of 1.4 billion people would have a surplus of workers, but hiring in China is getting tougher than ever.
In all, perhaps 20m to 30m workers are surplus to requirements.
Its leaders need at least 7% annual growth, they reckon, to continue to create enough jobs to absorb surplus rural labour and the workers laid off by state-owned enterprises.
Proceso Social is also trying to teach families skills that might give them a better chance of finding work in an environment where there is a shortage of skilled labour and a surplus of non-skilled workers.
It has been weakened by increasing shipping and transportation costs, quality control issues and a surplus of available, skilled American workers.
But the freedom to innovate and set management structures would belong to the workers, as would any surplus income they generated.
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After a while, we reached a group of eight workers in cotton shoes, hard hats, and military-surplus uniforms.
Their absence, some suggest, will lead to a shortage of skilled workers and mentors, a loss of productivity and even a surplus of office space.
In the past we have argued that colleges have produced a surplus of college graduates (at least in terms of the labor market demand for workers with a college education).
Government economists calculate that 1m workers, or one in four of those employed by the state, are surplus to requirements.
Where rather than workers at one factory fighting with capital to gain a larger share of the surplus, an entire profession restricts access to that profession.
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