Its data may allow scientists to better understand and predict how various surface features absorb and reflect solar radiation, which influence both short-term weather patterns and longer-term climate trends.

BBC: Earthshine map helps predict weather

Because of abundant solar ultraviolet radiation at the surface, organic molecules might not be preserved as well as clay minerals.

CNN: Have a drink on Mars

That, in turn, results in an increased absorption of solar radiation by the darker ocean surface, which also contributes to warming.

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For example, the bright snow- and ice-covered landscapes of Canada and Siberia during winter reflect most solar radiation straight back into space, keeping the surface cold.

BBC: Earthshine map helps predict weather

Where the ice vanishes entirely, the surface loses its usual highly reflective whiteness - which sends most solar radiation back into space - and is replaced by darker waters instead which absorb more heat.

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But the increased ultra-violet (UV) solar radiation which the damaged ozone allows through to the surface of the earth is a threat to all living things.

BBC: By Environment Correspondent Alex Kirby