Its texture and chemistry set it apart from all previous objects picked up off the surface of Earth but known to originate on the Red Planet.
Instead of jamming electrons through wire, generators convert them to microwave signals and fling these along the surface of the earth, between a system of relays spaced about 20 or 30 miles apart.
In the early days of oil and gas exploration, geologists would largely rely upon topology at the surface of the earth to interpret the location of oil and gas accumulations in the subsurface.
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The ocean accounts for 70% of the surface of the Earth, but only one percent of their area benefits from protection.
The severity of the laboratory test was equivalent to an oblique collision with the rocky surface of the Earth - a comet coming in at an angle of less than 25 degrees from the horizon, rather than head on (perpendicular to the Earth's surface).
Orbiting the Earth in a path that was inclined at 45 degrees to the equator, passing as close to 590 miles to the surface of the Earth, Telstar could be used for just twenty minutes out of each two and a half hour long orbit to relay signals between the America, France, and the United Kingdom.
Radiations reaching the atmosphere as sunshine can penetrate to the surface of the earth.
Diamonds make their way to the surface of the earth through underground volcanoes.
Geological forces lifted these oil-bearing rocks up toward the surface of the earth, within reach of water and bacteria.
Throughout 1992 and 1993, the amount of sunlight that reached the surface of the earth was reduced by more than ten per cent.
"Our design goal would be to make the astronauts, when they're doing geology, look like a geologist on the surface of the Earth, " Lutz says.
But, like Larderello, today's geothermal electricity comes from unique geologies, where hot rocks and underground water sit together, close to the surface of the earth.
But the increased ultra-violet (UV) solar radiation which the damaged ozone allows through to the surface of the earth is a threat to all living things.
So they procured massively detailed topography maps from NASA, data that covers 99% of the surface of the Earth, and imported it into their mountain-making software.
The tungsten dust contemplated here would be about 30 micro-meters in diameter, and be released at a point 1100 km above the surface of the Earth.
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Arrhenius predicted that if the carbon dioxide concentration increased, the mean temperature of the surface of the earth would increase, in pretty much the way he said it would.
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Ozone is good when it's high up in the atmosphere, says the study's author Mark Jacobson, but it's very bad when it accumulates near the surface of the earth.
For more than six decades, gas companies have been using advanced technologies to hydraulically fracture and safely procure natural gas from up to two miles beneath the surface of the earth.
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Since then, the concentration of carbon dioxide has in fact increased and the mean temperature of the surface of the earth has increased in pretty much the way Dr. Arrhenius said it would.
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The Harvard physicist Russell Seitz wants to create what amounts to a giant oceanic bubble bath: bubbles trap air, which brightens them enough to reflect sunlight away from the surface of the earth.
These organisms, which have fundamentally different metabolisms to normal microbes, are found in hydrothermal vents on the deep-ocean floor and in rocks and springs hundreds of metres below the surface of the Earth.
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According to tectonic theory, the surface of the Earth is made up of a patchwork of massive rigid plates, about 80km (50 miles) thick, which float in slow motion on top of the Earth's hot, pliable interior.
Although the details are not well understood, it seems likely that, in response to tectonic pressures originating in the Atlantic (where the surface of the Earth is being pulled apart), those softer rocks on either side are disturbed.
But we have to acknowledge that there are inherent risks to drilling four miles beneath the surface of the Earth, and these are risks -- (applause) -- these are risks that are bound to increase the harder oil extraction becomes.
But chip makers are having trouble making more precise beams, and the Global Positioning System, which allows people to locate themselves to within a few metres on the surface of the earth, is limited by the performance of its atomic clocks.
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Dr. DAVID BLACK (Marine Biologist, Scripps Institution of Oceanography): About 50 percent of the earth's surface is made up of these big, flat plains of mud we know so little about.
Russia will continue to have the sad distinction of covering 12% of the earth's surface, while attracting only 0.3% of its tourists.
With just 0.2% of the earth's land surface, it hosts 18% of its bird species.
The caving crew descends through tight passages hundreds of feet beneath the Earth's surface, guided by the gust of air that marks the cave's primary passage.
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