Or, if you want the professor's technical explanation, "dye sensitised solar cells with titanium oxide layers on a surface with light absorbing dye molecules adsorbed on surface which can generate electricity".
Because of abundant solar ultraviolet radiation at the surface, organic molecules might not be preserved as well as clay minerals.
The result is a membrane surface that favors water molecules, leading to higher throughput and significantly reduced energy costs.
HINT, crops up in 11 different genes for receptor proteins that sit on a cell's surface waiting for messenger molecules from other cells.
ECONOMIST: The first complete DNA sequence of an animal is now in the bag
One side is attracted to negatively charged molecules on the surface of bacterial membranes.
It works by hunting down neuroblastoma cells that have survived conventional treatment and attaching antibodies to specific molecules on their surface.
Receptors are protein molecules that sit on the surface of cells in the nose.
T-cell, so that it would recognise the molecules found on the outer surface of melanomas.
Jon Nelson, of Ritsumeikan University, in Japan, has calculated that the most important property involved is the surface tension of the tiny clusters of water molecules from which snowflakes form.
This is especially important for finding organic molecules that might be destroyed on the surface.
The magic, it turns out, is in that subatomic spray, as the group treated with an electron shower benefited from a polymerizing effect or, more plainly, a bonding of molecules just above the skin's surface that yielded a tough, protective nano-layer measuring between 50- to 100-billionths of a meter thick.
At a distance of just 1 nanometer, the needle physically attracted the carbon monoxide molecules and pulled them to a precisely specified location on the surface.
Stephen Wilson, a chemist at New York University, discovered that the surface of the fullerene molecule could be used as a scaffold to support other molecules.
One theory to explain what is happening is that water molecules agitated by microwaves are attracted to water-seeking areas on the surface of proteins, influencing their ability to function.
This consists of two sugar-protein molecules known as gp120 and gp41 that react with a protein called CD4, which is found on the surface of certain cells of the immune system.
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