Their main finding was that a nerve impulse, now known as an action potential, is caused by the movement in opposite directions across the axon's surface membrane of sodium and potassium ions.

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The result is a membrane surface that favors water molecules, leading to higher throughput and significantly reduced energy costs.

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The UCL team discovered that MIP-1a plays a key role in the early stages of an allergic response within the clear membrane that coats the inner surface of the eyelid and outer surface of the eye, known as the conjunctiva.

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The ions pass through a charge-specific membrane and are adsorbed onto the surface of the electrode.

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The researchers in this study examined the geometric structure and behaviour of one of the rotavirus's surface proteins, called VP4, which plays a key role in binding on to the surface of a target cell, and breaking through its membrane.

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The other side of the antibiotic contains an oily surface that is attracted to the greasy interior portion of the membrane.

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The theory is relatively simple: Seawater and freshwater, filtered to remove silt, are fed into pipes which lead to a membrane system, made up of spiral coils to maximize surface area.

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