The level of supervision of these professionals and the level of their responsibility to supervise and train others increases over time but does not dramatically change overnight until promotion to partner.

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The level of supervision needed to root out all the mediocre will also stultify the brilliant.

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This would require a complete shift of banking regulation and supervision to the European level and the creation of a European bank resolution mechanism.

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That is in line with the general trend of Mr Putin's federalism, which has been to put more of the burden for services on to the regions while concentrating more power and supervision at the federal level.

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At a minimum, such a scheme would require a certain level of government supervision to prevent collusion and mergers among roadway suppliers.

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Providing funds at the European level is possible because control over, and supervision of, the banking system also takes place at the European level.

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Even then, professional, regulatory and internal quality and risk management policies generally require second partner reviews and other supervision of even the work of partner level licensed professionals.

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But many national regulators admit that in the event of a serious crisis the European Central Bank would have to step in, and that bank supervision will eventually be handled at the regional level.

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Then a formal, thought-out system of supervision and risk management is created and applied at every level to ensure execution of the strategy and protection against internal and external threats.

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Field-level studies in selected countries and a desk research covering 11 countries have been launched this month under the supervision of UNESCO's Office in Nairobi.

UNESCO: MEDIA SERVICES