The modeling of white dwarf stars that fail to detonate can be directly connected to the new class of very dim supernova explosions, according to Jordan and his team.

FORBES: When A Supernova ... Fizzles

As plans for deep space exploration ramp up, radiation is a big concern from high-energy galactic cosmic rays spewed by distant supernova explosions to sporadic bursts of charged particles hurled by the sun.

NPR: Astronauts Face Radiation Threat On Long Mars Trip

Rather, they're created inside stellar cores, implying that gas giants had a hard time forming until multiple generations of stars had been born, died and spread their innards throughout the cosmos in massive supernova explosions.

MSN: Alien Earths may be plentiful in our Milky Way galaxy