Third, developing fusion energy will lead to countless spinoff innovations in robotics, supercomputing, and superconducting materials.
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Several buffer layers of non-superconducting material are deposited on top to refine the pattern.
Superconductor Technologies, a company based in Santa Barbara, California, is building superconducting filters for mobile-phone base stations.
In a recent test on a commercial network, using superconducting filters increased that network's capacity by half.
Considered an entirely new class of vessel, it would rely on superconducting machinery for propulsion and power generation.
The project will be presented at the SuperConducting City during the Hanover Fair (April 4 to 8, 2011).
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Dr Haroche trapped his photons by getting them to bounce back and forth between two tiny superconducting mirrors.
Helium (used to cool superconducting magnets in hospital MRI scanners) and phosphorus (in agricultural fertilizers) are also under threat.
In this case, 90 metres of superconducting cable have been installed at an electricity substation owned by Copenhagen Energy.
In the Detroit project, for example, three superconducting cables replace nine copper ones.
Once dominant, these New Economy locomotives could run with negative friction, always picking up speed like some superconducting profit phenomenon.
The D-Wave One system consists of a superconducting 128-qubit chip in a cryogenics system within a 10 square meter room.
Understanding such social behaviour may hint at ways to design other sorts of superconducting material or even, paradoxically, better insulators.
The main reason for wanting to install superconducting power lines in cities is not, perhaps surprisingly, to reduce transmission losses.
Similarly, American Superconductor has come up with superconducting cables that can carry five times as much power as ordinary wires.
They can also be plaited together to form cables, heated to improve the contact between the superconducting grains, and rolled flat.
First of all, the chip is based on superconducting, which means that the chip has to be supercooled to extremely low temperatures.
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If successful, these and other small-scale demonstrations could lead to the widespread commercial take-up of superconducting cables within the next few years.
Accordingly, American Superconductor has been using its tape to build superconducting motors.
Researchers at the University of Toronto used everyday Scotch Tape (or double-sided poster tape, specifically) to bestow a semiconductor with superconducting properties.
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Unfortunately, superconducting power systems are still about five times too weak to generate the 25, 000 to 50, 000 horsepower required to run a ship.
The Large Hadron Collider is in Switzerland because Congress canceled the construction of our much larger atom smasher, the Superconducting Super Collider, in 1993.
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If proven, the technology could rival the current favoured technique for initiating fusion which uses superconducting magnets to contain and fuse the hydrogen nuclei.
As the Superconducting Super Collider showed, though, their patience is finite.
Another niche where powerful superconducting magnets are indispensable is high-energy physics.
The D-Wave computer operates as an adiabatic quantum computer, and consists of a superconducting 128-qubit chip in a cryogenics system within a 10 square meter room.
American Superconductor and its competitors are also engaged in a race to make superconducting tape that could be used to carry power on the grid itself.
Siemens, a German engineering giant and a leading maker of such devices, has seen demand for superconducting MRI machines grow at the expense of the non-superconducting sort.
Shorter, experimental segments have already been tried elsewhere, but the significance of the Albany project is that it will be using superconducting cables in a completely commercial environment.
Helium-cooled superconducting coils, typically made of an alloy of niobium and titanium encased in copper cladding, create magnetic fields ten times stronger than similar-size permanent magnets can muster.
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