Sufism is a mystical dimension of Islam considered offbeat and frowned upon by Islamic hardliners.
Sufism is a mystical dimension of Islam considered offbeat by Islamic hardliners, who frown upon it.
Dating back to the pre-Islamic era, Shashmaqom was continually influenced by developments in musicology, poetry, mathematics, and Sufism.
This apparent tolerance, a consequence of Sudan's strain of Sufism, has its limits.
The Sufism of Rahman Baba generally stresses a believer's personal relationship with God and de-emphasizes the importance of the mosque.
Ayeda Naqvi, on the other hand, believes Sufism could play a political role to strengthen a tolerant Islamic identity in Pakistan.
Stephen Schwartz's latest book, The Other Islam: Sufism And the Road to Global Harmony, will be published by Doubleday this summer.
But he doubts that Sufism can be marshalled to resist Wahhabi radicalism, a phenomenon that he insists has political, not religious, roots.
Many Salafis see Sufism as a perversion of pure Muslim beliefs.
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Practicing Salafis in Dagestan, many of whom come from the republic's younger generation, often decry Sufism, the less-strict version of Islam that people there historically have practiced.
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The Bangladeshis prefer the more mystical Sufism, which places greater emphasis upon a subjective experience of Allah and is traditionally more tolerant of human foibles and dissent.
As well as strong family loyalties, part of the glue that held the Chechens and other north Caucasian people together was Sufism, the mystical strand of Islam.
Blasting a track from the group's latest album, "Republic of Love, " Dhani explained how his faith, Sufism -- a mystic, tolerant form of Islam -- informs his music.
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Some of Sufism's most esteemed poets and scholars are women.
Music was always an important part of social and cultural life of Afghanistan, depending on the religion at various times, beginning with Zoroastrianism through Buddhism, through pre-Islamic traditions, and in Islamic tradition music was closely associated with Sufism or mysticism.
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In this early phase Qutb, a Muslim who had come under the spell of Sufism, subscribed to the essentially secular nationalism of the day, the focus of which was opposition to British rule in Egypt and to Zionist colonisation in Palestine.
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