Subway systems from Shanghai and Dubai to Paris have installed safety doors over the last three decades.
There has been a push in recent years to combat this by putting recycling bins (instead of trashcans), in the subway systems.
Sewers can contain dangerous gases, subway systems can have unpredictable train schedules, abandoned buildings can be crumbling or have asbestos, and usually it is illegal to access the sites.
It is one of the few subway systems in the world that is operationally profitable without government subsidies, thanks to revenue from advertising, property leases and parking fees, in addition to ticket sales.
The rush-hour crush in the biggest Japanese cities, already a trying routine, might well resemble urban warfare but for their extensive subway systems (about 171 km in Tokyo and 115 km in Osaka).
The machinery for track switches and motors on subway systems is often many decades old, and replacements aren't readily available when stores of backup parts have been used up as PATH's was after the storm.
He needed 24-hour nursing assistance but otherwise led as normal a life as possible, taking the subway to work each day at his job as a systems analyst, using a mouthpiece to tap the keys on his computer, enjoying books, movies, TV and dinners with friends, most frequently with Abe.
This month TDSi won a contract to make control equipment, readers and software for 12 subway stations in Beijing, having already supplied kit for metro systems in Shanghai and Tianjin.
Officials feared the brackish storm water that poured into subway tunnels and onto tracks could corrode vulnerable signal and switching systems, adding to the time workers will need to reopen the MTA's full system, which ferries 8.5 million passengers on a typical workday.
The New York City subway, opened in 1904, is one of the few public transit systems worldwide that runs 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
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