In Latin America, mining industry contracts were awarded to China to help exploit valuable subsoil resources.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Questionable Chinese mining practices in Latin America

This wastewater is either discharged directly into open water bodies or leaches into the subsoil.

UNESCO: Water resources in the Asia-Pacific region are increasingly threatened by pollution and vulnerable to natural disasters. | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

The soil consists of a chalk subsoil, topped by a covering of rubble that is made up of sand, lignite, marl, loam and clay.

WSJ: Reflections on Champagne

Subsoil and topsoil moisture in the Plains states are well below the levels of last year, though recent rains have improved things a little.

ECONOMIST: Farming