This raises the possibility that the probes could be used to give a specific diagnosis of cancer sub-type.

BBC: Sticky DNA helps spot leukaemia

Mineola Johnson's DNA type is "a fairly common type found in sub-Saharan Africa, " according to Bert Ely, a molecular geneticist and professor at the University of South Carolina.

CNN: DNA provides clues to family's African heritage

The first thing is that Apple is running a new type of company with economic sub-systems, like the developer ecosystem, that are relatively new to management.

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In some countries in sub-Saharan Africa, traditional apprenticeships are the main type of skills training for those not formally employed.

UNESCO: One third of young people in Sub-Saharan Africa fail to complete primary school and lack skills for work | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

"It is in much the same way as you book a movie ticket by phone or online these days using your credit card and then when you get there you access your ticket through an ATM-type machine, " said Will, who is chairman of the World Cup ticketing sub-committee.

BBC: Fans get World Cup ticket boost

For what this paper explores is why the type of complex regulation developed over recent decades might not just be costly and cumbersome but sub-optimal for crisis control.

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