It is a randomized controlled study, meaning that similar patients were assigned at random to either get either Centrum or placebo.
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But Robert Harrington, a well-known Duke University Medical Center cardiologist, thought that the good and bad results from the drug made the study neutral, meaning there was no clear benefit from the medicine.
The issue here is that BMI is a clunky measure that does not distinguish muscle from fat, and those who interpreted this study ignored the meaning of people being normal weight while having excessive belly fat weight (ie deficient muscle).
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Thus, the correct estimate of jobs gained from Medicaid expansion is only 41, 000, meaning that the study overstated the net number by roughly 25 percent.
The study is observational -- meaning the researchers followed people over time -- rather than interventional (say, having some people watch TV and others read a book), which is the gold standard for research proving cause and effect.
This study was only in mice, meaning it is not known if there would be a similar effect in people - or if there would, how early treatment would have to start.
"Our study showed an excess mortality, meaning these are people that would not have died, had it not been for Katrina, " said Dr. Kevin Stephens, who is director of the New Orleans Health Department and the study author.
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Most of the men and women in the study came from a similar background, meaning the results may not apply to everyone.
The study shows association, not causation, meaning there could be some other factors linking the Mediterranean diet to resilience against this form of brain damage.
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One factor that the study quantifies is human-capital endowment, meaning the brainpower created by parents, formal education and training, and on-the-job learning.
First, it is a retrospective case-control study and is therefore susceptible to reporting bias, meaning that people with ALS may report their coffee consumption differently from controls.
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Slocombe and Zuberbuhler's study is the first experiment to show that vocal sound can carry meaning for chimpanzees.
The UK Border Agency has revoked the licence of a Black Country college, meaning dozens of international students may no longer be eligible to study there.
BBC: Bilston Community college loses foreign student licence
In the CarGurus study, 22 percent of the used cars being offered for sale came from fleets, meaning they were owned by a rental company or another type of business.
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Gold, using the 4% return, had a 16.5% volatility across currencies, meaning it was more volatile in some currencies, but lower in others, the study showed.
Dr Juliane Kaminski, from the University of Portsmouth's psychology department, said the study was "incredible because it implies dogs understand the human can't see them, meaning they might understand the human perspective".
Patients were tried on the drug before the trial started, meaning those with obvious side effects were screened out, and Crestor was so effective the study was stopped ahead of schedule, limiting the safety data.
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