But the other half of the fiscal programme involves structural reforms to give the finance ministry greater control over public spending, especially that by lower tiers of government.

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In the U.S., add to that the inability to control the debt issuance due to the structural problem outlined above.

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Fixed Expenses, also known as structural expenses, are those foundational costs over which you have little monthly control.

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She would undo most if not all of the "structural" reforms that have been put in place in recent years--mayoral control, performance-based pay, charter laws and other choice schemes, reliance on entrepreneurship and market incentives, federal efforts to incentivize and prod the system to change in constructive directions, testing- and results-based accountability and more.

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