Although economists on average expect growth of 0.1 percent on the quarter, they warn it would take the smallest statistical variation to put the figure in negative territory.

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Juran focused more on the human-relations aspects of quality, while Deming's approach involved demonstrating that all business processes are vulnerable to a loss of quality through statistical variation.

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In other words that if the occurrence of something is abnormally high or abnormally low simply because of random variation, the statistical chances are that it will be much closer to the average the next time you measure it.

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