State-owned-enterprises registered profits of just under 4% in the first 11 months of the year, according to government numbers.
Alternative lending is popular in China because state-owned banks tend to favour large companies, particularly state-owned enterprises, leaving small and medium-sized companies starved of credit.
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The first group contains managers and white-collar employees of state-owned enterprises, accountants and civil servants, and teachers and doctors in the public education and health systems.
Red Chips are Hong Kong-listed offshore subsidiaries of Chinese state-owned enterprises.
Higher borrowing costs deter private-sector companies, but do not discourage inefficient state-owned enterprises, because they are less bothered about their return on capital.
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Printing money to buy debt from government-sponsored enterprises ( Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac), which are now outright state-owned enterprises, is a far cry from making productive loans through a private banking system.
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The provincial government granted Zhejiang the exclusive right to construct and operate major highways in Zhejiang Province - which, as home mainly to township enterprises, private companies and foreign enterprises rather than rickety state-owned enterprises, enjoys a relatively healthy economy.
She took on Britain's then-powerful labor unions and whittled the size of the state through sweeping privatizations and the closure of unprofitable state-owned enterprises, from coal mines to steel plants.
State-owned enterprises, how they work -- all these issues I think have to be resolved.
Meanwhile, Chinese colleges will continue to arrange employment for non-paying students by posting them to jobs in government departments or state-owned enterprises.
Changing modes of integration present new challenges for policy makers and executives--economic espionage, asymmetries in market access or competitive advantages for state-owned enterprises.
Post-Soviet Armenia has embraced trade, made legal reforms, privatized state-owned enterprises and slashed inflation to 2.9% since joining the World Trade Organization in 2003.
The remaining state-owned enterprises are grey assemblies of middle-aged men and women, with retired former employees still living in company housing on upper floors.
Up to now, financing of China outbound deals have been dominated by cash-rich players, including private equity and sovereign wealth giants in addition to state-owned Enterprises.
Much work remains to be done, from the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) to boosting social-security provisions.
In particular, they suffer from a banking system skewed in favour of state-owned enterprises, which receive more than four-fifths of all bank loans.
She took on Britain's labor unions and whittled the size of the state through sweeping privatizations and the closure of unprofitable state-owned enterprises, from coal mines to steel plants.
This includes good regulatory practices, ensuring that state-owned enterprises compete on a level playing field, market-based trade in digital goods and innovation, and addressing challenges faced by small businesses.
Rather than bracing themselves for sale, takeover or closure, the bigger state-owned enterprises in the region are pinning their hopes on bail-outs.
Between 1995 and 2001 the number of state-owned and state-controlled enterprises fell by nearly two-thirds, from 1.2m to 468, 000, and the proportion of urban workers employed in the state sector fell by nearly half, from 59% to 32%.
The government also reduced tax rates for small enterprises while maintaining tax rates for larger corporations, including state-owned enterprises.
He also promised to overhaul bankrupt state-owned enterprises by the end of the year and "work energetically" to re-employ workers who had lost their jobs.
The only companies that had money back then were the large state-owned enterprises that were able to borrow all they wanted from the four large state-owned banks, or perhaps go public on one of the new stock exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen.
They are dominated by state-owned enterprises, which can count on cheap loans and energy from China's state-owned banks and utilities.
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In recent years, the Thai government has launched policies such as higher wages for government officials and state-owned enterprises, tax rebates on purchase of first cars and first homes and subsidies on bus-fare and electricity.
KfW backs export-oriented firms and small businesses, lending at low rates, and deals with the privatisation of German state-owned enterprises.
About half of bank lending goes to state-owned enterprises, although that share is falling.
Many state-owned enterprises are now attempting to implement different forms of workers' control, with mixed results.
China's state-owned enterprises have won contracts to build railways, houses and power stations in the country.
But in China, all the carriers are state-owned enterprises (SOEs) reporting to the State Council.
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