And it also gave encouragement to those policy makers who are still trying to shake up their once-admired, state-directed, command economies.
He thought that Japanese-style state-directed easy credit for Korea's chaebol (conglomerates) would allow them to expand indefinitely without worrying overmuch about profits.
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But a good deal of it is held in pockets known as sovereign wealth funds--state-directed investment pools whose money will not be welcomed if it portends control by mercantilist foreign governments.
Transparency is another issue when dealing with state-directed growth.
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Innograd, a high-technology research hub in Skolkovo, is perhaps the largest state-directed effort to establish an innovation ecosystem for pioneering the next-generation technologies in the fields of telecommunications, life sciences and nuclear energy.
It was the province's largest enterprise, and its 1995 acquisition by East Java-based Gresik in a government-directed consolidation of state-owned cement plants was a traumatic experience for West Sumatra.
While much public attention is directed to national, state and large-city debt issues, Treasurer Pappas warns homeowners and taxpayers to pay careful attention to mounting local public debt in their communities.
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Directed development focuses on advancing beyond the state-of-the-art such that the activities of the field are unlikely to produce the desired outcome in the prescribed time frame.
But no ASEAN leader - not even Malaysia's blunt-spoken Mahathir Mohamad - has delivered such a withering blast at a fellow member state as Wahid directed at Singapore.
In December, the county was directed by Ohio Secretary of State Jennifer Brunner to scrap its touch-screen voting system, which had been plagued with problems, and to replace it with optically scanned paper ballots.
In addition, New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo directed that all flags at state government buildings be flown at half-staff Monday in Clark's honor, as he's done with other Empire State troops who have died in combat zones.
Media inquiries should be directed to the Department of State Office of Press Relations at (202) 647-2492.
It has directed national governments, notably in Spain and France, not to protect former state energy monopolies--now private and meant to stand as "national champions"--when they are the target of foreign bids.
What we, and independent health-care experts at Mercer Consulting, have found is that individually owned and directed health-care coverage has a startlingly positive effect on costs for both employees and the state.
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