Spending long periods in close quarters with others is also known to spread disease.
U.N. scientific experts say a warmer world is likely to spread disease in tropical regions, cause sea levels to rise and increase the rate of severe storms.
Independent tests on European money conducted by a team of scientists at Oxford University in December 2012, revealed that the average banknote contains 26, 000 bacteria, enough germs to make you feel nauseous, and possibly even spread disease.
It is hard to remember that when the 20th century began, the car was seen as a move towards cleanliness: the manure, urine and carcasses that horse-drawn transport left behind in big cities were not only unpleasant and costly to clear up, but also helped spread disease.
Neither the mother nor aunt spread the disease to anyone else, an indication that the virus still can't spread efficiently among humans, the Thai researchers reported.
First we are told that the risk of humans spreading the disease is only likely if you come into contact with livestock, you cannot simply spread the disease by looking at a sheep a mile away.
Statistical models of the spread of disease are never perfect, but they can help.
Scientists say the practice of feeding biological material from cows to cows can spread the disease.
They're concerned about the spread of disease from bodies still trapped under the rubble.
There are fears of worse hardship to come, and especially of the spread of disease.
The danger is that they will spread deadly disease, in particular rabies, which is rife in India.
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Food handlers who return to work before the infection completely clears up can continue to spread the disease.
Efforts are focussing instead on the need to cremate the thousands of dead to prevent the spread of disease.
Thorough cooking can kill bacteria, and washing your hands before and after touching meat can prevent the spread of disease.
The danger is that lulls in the spread of disease can come and go, encouraging people to drop their guard.
And efforts to kill the infected mosquitoes that spread the disease have been hampered by the use of ineffective insecticides.
For one, the environment at 30, 000 feet enables easier spread of disease.
The issue of if and how to cull badgers, which spread the disease, has been fraught by disagreements on practicality and animal rights.
Scientific research based on mathematical modelling indicates that restricting travel will be of limited or no benefit in stopping the spread of disease.
Eating undercooked meat from infected animals also can spread the disease.
Given these advantages, copper-based products, such as IV poles and light-switch covers, are increasingly being made to prevent the spread of disease in hospitals and other institutions.
Livestock carcasses were legally required to be disposed of in an approved and safe manner to prevent the spread of disease to animals and humans, the council said.
But it would not likely have spread the disease, since USDA regulations prohibit high-risk parts of the cow, such as brains and spinal cords, from entering the food chain.
The untiring professor remained a leader in his field of epidemiology, the spread of disease, well into his eighties, when he was awarded the Companion of Honour in 1996.
The effects of rising global temperatures are widespread and costly: more severe storms, rising seas, species extinctions, and changes in weather patterns that will alter food production and the spread of disease.
With so many villages isolated by floods, getting enough aid to people to keep them alive and to stop the spread of disease will be a challenge over the next few weeks.
Examining years of research of their own and from others, the authors conclude that social networks, both offline and online, are crucial in understanding everything from voting patterns to the spread of disease.
The report concludes that global warming favours the spread of disease especially if that warming leads to extreme weather events like Hurricane Katrina or the killer heat wave that struck France a few summers ago.
China's state-run news agency Xinhua said the country's State Council decided to repeal the ban after realizing it did little to prevent the spread of disease and caused problems when the country was hosting international events.
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