Another noteworthy structure is the special-purpose acquisition company (SPAC) which may be a key component of the next evolution.
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Yet after Enron's abuse of this structure, special-purpose vehicles have fallen into disrepute.
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Under the second scheme, the EFSF would create a set of special-purpose vehicles financed by other investors, including sovereign-wealth funds.
Special-purpose vehicles usually are formed to move assets off a company's balance sheet to help avoid some regulatory scrutiny and capital requirements.
In recent months several other financial institutions have formed similar special-purpose vehicles that invest in private companies' stock, piquing the SEC's interest.
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They can be a third-party company or special-purpose vehicle (SPV).
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Too many times, though, it has run up against corporate pressure applied through Congress, not least in the case of special-purpose entities, the trick that Enron used.
Instead of sprawls of special-purpose computer servers--one for Internet applications, one for e-mail and so on--a virtualized system uses one machine to do all of these functions.
However, advances have been made in the use of green addressing techniques that solve the confirmation delay problem by utilizing special-purpose bitcoin addresses from parties trusted not to double spend.
And previous witnesses already had testified about meetings in which Skilling heard about Enron's deteriorating financial condition and approved Fastow's outlandish "special-purpose entities" designed to hide those losses from the public.
The investment vehicle being created by Goldman is intended to pool investors' money to create the legal effect of a single new shareholder in Facebook, since each special-purpose vehicle counts as one shareholder of record.
The investment vehicle being created by Goldman is intended solely to pool investors' money to create the legal effect of a single new shareholder in Facebook, since each special-purpose vehicle counts as one shareholder of record.
Reluctant to set aside a lot of cash for these liabilities, insurers parked them in special-purpose subsidiaries, injecting some of their own cash plus a lot from outside investors willing to buy notes issued by the subs.
However, some observers say that the SEC may be tempted to conclude that the new breed of special-purpose vehicles being created by the likes of Goldman have been set up specifically to get around the 500-shareholder rule.
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When the government decided to offer new shares, some of them were bought by Mr Tan direct, and the rest were acquired by four special-purpose companies that were financed, it turns out, by loans from banks linked to Mr Tan.
Known as conduits, these special-purpose vehicles borrow in the short-term, commercial-paper market to make acquisitions of highly rated paper in American asset-backed securities, and have been walloped by the plunging value of those assets since the frailty of subprime loans were exposed.
Amerco also claims PwC acted recklessly when it told Amerco it had to consolidate the special-purpose entity on its own financial statements in 2002, causing Amerco to restate two years of numbers and wipe out 92% of its reported 2001 net income.
The outcome, eventually, was a rule by which a company can keep a special-purpose vehicle off its balance sheet as long as an independent third party owns a controlling equity interest equivalent to at least 3% of the fair value of its assets.
In order to deliver equivalent land-based performance, MTN has invested in the design and launch of special-purpose satellite payloads that will ride on the next generation Intelsat EPIC platform which will offer at-sea communications experience which is presently impossible to achieve.
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Although Mrs Fastow filed false tax statements and created and administered an off-balance-sheet special-purpose entity that Enron used to hide its control of some Californian wind farms, some reports have claimed she was an innocent who fell under the malevolent influence of her husband.
But on the business front, a new generation of specialty social analytics and business intelligence (BI) providers like GoodData, NetBase, QlikTech, and Visible Technologies have been some of the first to re-envision BI and provide the tools and platforms to create smarter, more social, special-purpose apps for creating and delivering insights to the right audience on the right device.
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New techniques have been developed to "sidetrack" a well when the pipe gets stuck or to control the pressures and temperatures found five miles down into the earth's crust with blow-out preventers and special purpose high-tech drilling rigs.
Increasingly, these devices look less like Windows PCs than a new breed of network client- simple, special purpose devices that access the user's data, applications and services on networked servers.
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Now Goldman intends to set up a special purpose vehicle (SPV) so its high-net-worth clients can skirt IPO laws and get their money in before Facebook goes public.
New Earthshell, a subsidiary of YA Global Investments, funneled the contributions of two Yorkville funds to YA TALF Holdings, a special purpose entity that was formed to purchase asset-backed securities.
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Special Abilities Development Association (SADA) organized a one-day multi purpose activity on 3rd December 2012 on the occasion of International Day of Person with Disabilities (PWDs) in collaboration with UNESCO Islamabad at Rest House Timergara Dir Lower.
In connection with investor redemptions it could not meet in 2008, Yorkville Advisors restructured its hedge fund operations, creating special purpose vehicles and giving redeeming investors the option of receiving securities in-kind or ownership in the SPVs.
In connection with investor redemption requests it could not meet in 2008, Yorkville Advisors restructured its hedge fund operations, creating special purpose vehicles and giving redeeming investors the option of receiving securities in-kind or ownership in the SPVs.
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