Moreover, the sorts of fields that Western oil firms are starting to develop, in very deep water, or of nearly solid, tar-like oil, are ever more technically challenging.

ECONOMIST: Face value

That shift rips protons from the molecular chains of Dr Kiser's jelly-like solid, leaving exposed negative charges primed to form bonds with water molecules.

ECONOMIST: A novel idea for stopping the transmission of HIV

Shares in MasterCard hit a fresh all-time high on Wednesday after posting solid third quarter results before the bell, blowing estimates out of the water on strong growth in spending and volume both in the U.S. and internationally.

FORBES: MasterCard Hits All-Time High Of $364 And Is Up 60% This Year

S. in civil engineering from the University of Utah and a masters in design from Stanford, owns more than 50 patents on water control, lighting and air-compression devices, as well as laminar stream technology, which turns water jets into shapes that appear solid and motionless.

FORBES: Splash!