"The possibility that current climate models underestimate the effect of solar variations on climate is probably the single most contentious issue in climate research at the moment, " said Dr Myles Allen of the department of physics at Oxford University.
The nature and extent of solar influence on climate is not fully understood, however, which is where Earthshine comes in.
Both models will also apparently come packed with features, include driver and passenger side airbags, interior and exterior LED lighting, a "solar assisted" climate control system, and an "advanced drive computer" that includes GPS, a rear-view camera, and a complete vehicle diagnostic system.
But the main external candidate is solar, and more work is required to improve the "paleo" solar forcing record and to understand how the climate system responds both globally and regionally to solar forcing.
Glory was designed to study the influence of aerosols on climate and measure solar energy.
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As noted in the paper, the IPCC models also fail to incorporate climate modulating effects of solar changes such as cloud-forming influences of cosmic rays throughout periods of reduced sunspot activity.
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The 2-megawatt project is much smaller in scope but will provide a good opportunity for First Solar to show how well its solar panels will fare in the local climate.
The Department of Energy, as part of its efforts to promote clean energy, launched OpenEI.org, containing dozens of clean energy resources and data sets, including maps of worldwide solar and wind potential, information on climate zones, and energy best practices.
In addition to its weather-watching mission and collection of climate records, MSG-3 has a radiation sensor to measures the amount of solar and infrared energy that is reflected back into space, to better understand climate processes.
In the Philippines, jeepneys vie for attention for the loudest design, while Hong Kong taxis often include stick-on solar fans--the ultimate in kitsch climate control.
Solar power, of course, does not produce climate-changing greenhouse gases.
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Talks are complicated by the fact that -- unlike the ozone layer, in which it was clear solar rays that got through cause cancer -- climate change's health effects are generally indirect.
By including such data in their computer simulations, climate modellers may be able to tell whether solar inconstancy deserves some of the blame heaped on greenhouse gases.
Other solar changes occurring at approximate 1, 500 year intervals also influence climate.
People tack on all manner of technology to their homes to be green: solar panels, 100-foot-deep geothermal heat pipes and computerized climate zones.
The book expresses the growing concern among more careful real climate scientists, rather than political scientists, that trends in solar activity portend a return to the cold, limited agricultural output, and widespread disease of the Little Ice Age, or even a more full blown, overdue by historical standards, real ice age.
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More recently, solar scientists and climatologists have played down the role that sunspots might play in climate change.
The climate in Chad allows the women in Iridimi camp to cook on solar for about 330 days per year.
The EU's largest economy has long been an ardent proponent of renewable subsidies, to the extent that even with its less than tropical climate, it accounts for nearly half the bloc's installed solar power capacity.
The satellite - which had been intended to study the effects of climate change - should have separated from the rocket and deployed its solar panels some nine minutes after take-off, at an altitude of 302km.
Many scientific studies indicate that the global climate will soon enter a substantial cooling phase attributable to a weak new solar cycle.
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The research indicated that influences in solar changes and intermittent volcanic activity have accounted for at least 80% of observed climate variation over the past half century.
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Regarding the possibility that the global climate will soon enter a substantial cooling phase attributable to a weak new solar cycle, this may ultimately prove true also.
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Its data may allow scientists to better understand and predict how various surface features absorb and reflect solar radiation, which influence both short-term weather patterns and longer-term climate trends.
He argues that the most-cited climate models misjudge factors such as the effects of clouds, aerosols and the solar cycle.
We would, essentially, be in the Lomborg world, where solar (and others, perhaps fuel cells) become cheaper than fossil fuels long before climate change itself is a serious probloem.
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System size: All except Portland assumed a five-kilowatt system, the average size for a residential solar installation in most of the U.S. For Portland, which has a mild climate and an incentive system that favors smaller systems, we assumed a system of three kilowatts.
To be sure, there are potential opportunities in the development and implementation of energy-saving technologies in the next decade, including wind and solar energy, but it's doubtful that many jobs can be generated without a major shift in the economic climate here.
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