The punishment is usually a social sanction where women who join in the spirit of competition are actually outcasts.

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Thus some amount of social sanction is only to be expected, especially when there is an increased awareness of the importance of Islamic values in Malaysia.

CNN: LETTERS AND COMMENT

Apart from the sanction of social disapproval in the diaspora, those who do not pay find it hard to buy or keep land back home, or to get their passports renewed.

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But it does provide a tacit sanction of cell phone radiation fears by a recognized authority, an important social signal.

CNN: STORY HIGHLIGHTS

And finally, letting universities charge more gave the newly-announced independent Access Regulator a sanction - requiring universities to do more to encourage applicants from a wider range of social backgrounds before they could put up their fees.

BBC: people in street