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Political parties are organised along ethnic or sectarian lines, and represent the city's Urdu-speakers, Sindhis, Baloch, Pashtuns and Barelvi Sunnis.
ECONOMIST: Violence in Karachi
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He has no patience for the Sindhis' distrust of the Pakistani state.
ECONOMIST: Too much for one man to do
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Rural Sindh is populated mainly by Sindhis, but the big cities have been settled largely by mohajirs, Urdu-speaking Muslims who migrated from India.
ECONOMIST: Is Pakistan living at the edge of disaster?
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Sindhis make up about a quarter of Pakistan's population, but hold only a couple of the top 50 jobs in the water ministry.
ECONOMIST: Too much for one man to do
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The move has enraged Sindhis, who, like ethnic groups in the two smallest provinces, were already chafing against the growing dominance of Punjab, the prime minister's home state.
ECONOMIST: Who really runs Pakistan?
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The caste origins of India's billionaires are on predictable lines: 28 of the 46 billionaires come from traditional merchant classes ( Banias, Parsis and Sindhis, for example), and a number of them belong to upper caste communities like Brahmins and Khatris.
BBC: India's billionaires and the wealth of the nation