Like the legal intern delivering coffee and learning what it takes to be a good lawyer, their most significant impact in the role is not achieved in a short time, but rather in avoiding being too much of a distraction in the short-term and learning how to have a real impact in the long run.

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Targacept's pill is more refined, he says, because it binds with a subtype of neuronal nicotinic receptor situated mostly in parts of the brain that process sensory information and aid in learning and short-term memory.

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Short-term goals: These ought to be a series of frugal experiments that generate learning the start-up can use to adjust what it does on the way to its long-term goal.

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However, Dr Neil Stanley, of the University of Surrey, said sleep loss harmed spatial learning, although the brain could rise to the "spatial learning" challenge in the short-term it would struggle eventually.

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Cheviot View in Longbenton provides overnight and short-term stays for children with behavioural needs while Castledene in South Gosforth caters for adults with learning difficulties.

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